Paul to Seneca (II)

I was happy to receive your letter yesterday. I could have answered it at once if I had had the young man at hand whom I intended to send to you. You well know when and through whom, at what time and to whom something ought to be given for transmission. I beg you therefore not to think yourself neglected, while I have regard to the trustworthiness of the person. ...

So I was wondering whether I could use this as one aspect of the reception historical evidence for Paul as a user of letter carriers. My caution would be that these letters (4th cent. AD pseudonymous collection) exhibit several other epistolary commonplaces, so it might not offer evidence of anything other than an author sprinkling his compositions with authentic sounding epistolary themes.

Mike Bird posted a comment on Cicero and Letter Carriers, reflecting (a little too superficially) on a single quote from Atticus 1.13:

In these letters, indeed, I am urgently pressed by you to send answers, but what renders me rather dilatory in this respect the difficulty of finding a trustworthy carrier. How few of these gentry are able to convey a letter rather weightier than usual without lightening it by skimming its contents! (Letter XVIII).

Mike said:

This would suggest that some letter carriers were not just Roman fedex delivery boys, but were responsible for reading the letters on delivery. Interesting implications for the role of Phoebe in Romans and Tychicus in Colossae!

My comments (from his blog - where there are obviously intervening comments which I haven't posted here):

1. Mike, nothing in that comment suggests your conclusion that Ciceronian letter carriers "were responsible for reading the letters on delivery". That does not follow.
2. Ah. No that is not what Cicero meant. His primary issue is confidentiality, not skim reading at the destination. 'Convey a letter' means simply deliver the letter to its recipient. The reference to lightening the letter is a humorous figure of speech referring to reading the letter. Later in this same letter (Att. I 13) he refers to the risk that a letter might be lost, opened or intercepted. He adds, 'I dare not intrust a letter on such weighty matters to such a casual nobody’s son as this messenger.'
3. I don't recall any incident where Cicero refers to including money inside a letter. I don't think that is relevant here. He is worried that the letter carrier might read a fullsome and confidential letter. In fact he is so concerned by this possibility that he won't actually write the letter he would like to write (which would have included full answers to Atticus' questions). So it is an interesting situation where the presence/absence of a letter carrier impacts the composition and the contents of the letter. Lacking a trust-worthy letter carrier Cicero has to write a shorter, less detailed letter. The implication, in this situation, would be that Cicero did not want such a letter carrier to do any more than simply deliver the letter.
   
   Cicero has another delivery problem which he mentions here and in some other letters of the period, that he is not sure where Atticus is, so can't give detailed instructions to a letter carrier.
   

Letter Carriers in Marburg

Just got back from attending the Facharbeitsgruppe Neues Testament in Marburg. This is a research seminar/conference associated with the Arbeitskreis für evangelikale Theologie (seems basically like an equivalent to the Tyndale Fellowship Study Groups). Anyway I presented a paper on: The Ancient Letter Carriers and their Relevance for the Study of the New Testament. This seemed to be well received and provoked some interesting questions and discussion. In this paper I offered a general overview of the evidence as I see it, and some reflections on the relevance for Romans, Philippians, and Colossians (with briefer comments on some other texts). The trip was too quick, I don't really cope with one hour lectures in German (except with a full script - that was really helpful), and my travel arrangements meant I didn't get to do much sightseeing. But I met up with some good people (old friends and new), and have plenty to think about.

Doering on 'Paul and Ancient Jewish Letter Writing'

Justin Mihoc at RBECS provides a helpful summary of Doering's presentation at Durham on 29.11.2010. Broadly focusing on form and content.

Olson on Embedded Letters in Josephus

Ryan S. Olson, Tragedy, Authority, and Trickery: The Poetics of Embedded Letters in Josephus. Hellenic Studies 42. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University, 2010.

Helpful review (by L. Zollschan) at BMCR.

Durham Conference on Letters and Communities (July 2011)

Configuring Communities: The Socio-Political Dimensions of Ancient Epistolography

An international conference, jointly organised by the departments of Classics & Ancient History and Theology & Religion (Durham), 14-16 July 2011.

A provisional list of speakers includes John Barclay (Durham); Pierre Briant (Paris); Hannah Cotton (Jerusalem); Anya Dolganov (Princeton); Catharine Edwards (London); Roy Gibson (Manchester); Ulrich Gotter (Konstanz); Sebastian Grätz (Mainz); Peter Head (Cambridge); Manuela Mari (Cassino); Judith Lieu (Cambridge); Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr (Jena); Robin Osborne (Cambridge).